03-Please Send Me a Card
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本文出现的语法知识
1. and、but的使用
文中句子:
- I visited museums and sat in public gardens.
- I read a few lines,but I did not understand a word.
- My holidays passed quickly,but I did not send cards to my friends.
- I spent the whole day in my room,but I did not write a single card!
连词 and 和 but 都用于连接句子或词组,但它们的作用不同:
1. And(和、而且)
and用于 连接相似的内容,表示并列、递进或结果。
- 连接两个名词:
- I like coffee and tea.(我喜欢咖啡和茶。)
- 连接两个动词:
- She sings and dances well.(她唱歌跳舞都很棒。)
- 连接两个形容词:
- The weather is warm and sunny.(天气温暖而晴朗。)
- 连接两个句子:
- He studied hard, and he passed the exam.(他努力学习,因此通过了考试。)
2. But(但是、然而)
but用于连接相反或对立的内容,表示转折 。
- 连接两个名词:
- He likes coffee but not tea.(他喜欢咖啡,但不喜欢茶。)
- 连接两个动词:
- She tried but failed.(她努力了,但失败了。)
- 连接两个形容词:
- The room is small but comfortable.(房间很小,但很舒适。)
- 连接两个句子:
- He wanted to go out, but it was raining.(他想出去,但正在下雨。)
3. 什么时候使用逗号
"and" 和 "but" 什么时候用逗号,主要取决于它们在句子中的作用。如果 连接两个独立主句,前面要加逗号;如果只是连接词或短语,不需要逗号。
1. 连接两个独立句子(需要逗号)
当 "and" 或 "but" 连接两个完整的主句(都有主语+谓语) 时,前面要加逗号。
✅ 正确示例:
- I was tired, but I continued working.(我累了,但我继续工作。)
- She wanted to go out, and he agreed.(她想出去,他也同意了。)
- It was raining, so we stayed inside.(在下雨,所以我们待在里面。)
📌 解释:
I was tired, but I continued working这两个部分都能独立成句("I was tired." 和 "I continued working."),所以 "but" 之前需要逗号。
❌ 错误示例(缺逗号):
- I was tired but I continued working. ❌(少了逗号)
2. 连接短语或单词(不需要逗号)
如果 "and" 或 "but" 只是连接两个词或短语(而不是完整句子),不需要逗号。
✅ 正确示例:
- I like apples and oranges.(我喜欢苹果和橙子。)
- She is smart but shy.(她很聪明但害羞。)
- He ran to the store and bought some milk.(他跑去商店买了些牛奶。)
❌ 错误示例(不该加逗号):
- She is smart, but shy. ❌("but" 后面只是 "shy" 这个形容词,不是完整句子,所以不需要逗号。)
3. "And" 连接句子中三个及以上的部分(列举,是否加逗号取决于风格)
在列举多个项时,"and" 前面的逗号(牛津逗号)是可选的。
✅ 推荐使用牛津逗号(避免歧义): (牛津逗号也叫序列逗号,是指在列举三个或以上的事物时,"and" 或 "or" 之前的逗号。)
- I bought apples, oranges, and bananas.(我买了苹果、橙子和香蕉。)
✅ 省略牛津逗号(也正确,但可能有歧义):
- I bought apples, oranges and bananas.